Periodic table of elements

Cl² 17¹

Chlor³

35.45 ⁴

[Ne] 3s² 3p⁵
2/8/7⁵

3.16⁶

Erklärung

Hintergründe: Metall Halbmetall Nichtmetall Edelgas

Ordnungszahl, auch Kernladungszahl (Anzahl der Protonen)
Farben: radioaktiv
Elementsymbol
Farben: fest / gasförmig / flüssig (bei Raumtemperatur)
Elementenname
relative Atommasse in u oder ^g⁄_mol
Elektronenkonfiguration, Elektronen pro Schale
Electronegativität (nach Pauling)

III B

3

IV B

4

V B

5

VI B

6

VII B

7

8

VIII B

9

10

I B

11

II B

12

H 1

Hydrogen

1.008

1s¹
1

2.2

Beschreibung

Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.

Source

Bild

Vial of glowing ultrapure hydrogen, H2. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 User:Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/hydrogen.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	1
Group	1
Atomic mass	1.008 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	13.99 K (-259.16 °C)
Boiling Point	20.271 K (-252.879 °C)
Density	0.08988 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	1s¹
Shells	1
appearance	colorless gas
category	diatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	72.769
Electronegativity	2.2

He 2

Helium

4.003

1s²
2

–

Beschreibung

Helium is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among all the elements.

Source

Bild

Vial of glowing ultrapure helium. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/helium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	1
Group	18
Atomic mass	4.0026022 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	0.95 K (-272.2 °C)
Boiling Point	4.222 K (-268.928 °C)
Density	0.1786 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	1s²
Shells	2
appearance	colorless gas, exhibiting a red-orange glow when placed in a high-voltage electric field
category	noble gas
Electroaffinity	-48

Li 3

Lithium

6.94

[He] 2s¹
2/1

0.98

Beschreibung

Lithium (from Greek:λίθος lithos, "stone") is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element.

Source

Bild

0.5 Grams Lithium under Argon. Original size of the largest piece in cm: 0.3 x 4 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lithium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	2
Group	1
Atomic mass	6.94 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	453.65 K (180.5 °C)
Boiling Point	1603 K (1329.85 °C)
Density	0.534 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[He] 2s¹
Shells	2/1
appearance	silvery-white
category	alkali metal
Electroaffinity	59.6326
Electronegativity	0.98

Be 4

Beryllium

9.012

[He] 2s²
2/2

1.57

Beschreibung

Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is created through stellar nucleosynthesis and is a relatively rare element in the universe. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals.

Source

Bild

Pure Beryllium bead, 2.5 grams. Original size in cm: 1 x 1.5 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/beryllium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	2
Group	2
Atomic mass	9.01218315 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1560 K (1286.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2742 K (2468.85 °C)
Density	1.85 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[He] 2s²
Shells	2/2
appearance	white-gray metallic
category	alkaline earth metal
Electroaffinity	-48
Electronegativity	1.57

B 5

Boron

10.81

[He] 2s² 2p¹
2/3

2.04

Beschreibung

Boron is a metalloid chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5. Produced entirely by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the Solar system and the Earth's crust. Boron is concentrated on Earth by the water-solubility of its more common naturally occurring compounds, the borate minerals.

Source

Bild

Pure Crystalline Boron, front and back side. Original size in cm: 2 x 3 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/boron.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	2
Group	13
Atomic mass	10.81 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2349 K (2075.85 °C)
Boiling Point	4200 K (3926.85 °C)
Density	2.08 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[He] 2s² 2p¹
Shells	2/3
appearance	black-brown
category	metalloid
Electroaffinity	26.989
Electronegativity	2.04

C 6

Carbon

12.011

[He] 2s² 2p²
2/4

2.55

Beschreibung

Carbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.

Source

Bild

Element 6 - Carbon Texas Lane, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	2
Group	14
Atomic mass	12.011 ^g⁄_mol
Density	1.821 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[He] 2s² 2p²
Shells	2/4
category	polyatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	121.7763
Electronegativity	2.55

N 7

Nitrogen

14.007

[He] 2s² 2p³
2/5

3.04

Beschreibung

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas. Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.

Source

Bild

Vial of Glowing Ultrapure Nitrogen, N2. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/nitrogen.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	2
Group	15
Atomic mass	14.007 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	63.15 K (-210.0 °C)
Boiling Point	77.355 K (-195.795 °C)
Density	1.251 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	[He] 2s² 2p³
Shells	2/5
appearance	colorless gas, liquid or solid
category	diatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	-6.8
Electronegativity	3.04

O 8

Oxygen

15.999

[He] 2s² 2p⁴
2/6

3.44

Beschreibung

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium.

Source

Bild

Liquid Oxygen in a Beaker Staff Sgt. Nika Glover, U.S. Air Force, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	2
Group	16
Atomic mass	15.999 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	54.36 K (-218.79 °C)
Boiling Point	90.188 K (-182.962 °C)
Density	1.429 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	[He] 2s² 2p⁴
Shells	2/6
category	diatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	140.976
Electronegativity	3.44

F 9

Fluorine

18.998

[He] 2s² 2p⁵
2/7

3.98

Beschreibung

Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive:almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.

Source

Bild

Liquid Fluorine at -196°C Fulvio314, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	2
Group	17
Atomic mass	18.9984031636 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	53.48 K (-219.67 °C)
Boiling Point	85.03 K (-188.12 °C)
Density	1.696 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	[He] 2s² 2p⁵
Shells	2/7
category	diatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	328.1649
Electronegativity	3.98

Ne 10

Neon

20.18

[He] 2s² 2p⁶
2/8

–

Beschreibung

Neon is a chemical element with symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is in group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air.

Source

Bild

Vial of Glowing Ultrapure neon. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/neon.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	2
Group	18
Atomic mass	20.17976 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	24.56 K (-248.59 °C)
Boiling Point	27.104 K (-246.046 °C)
Density	0.9002 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	[He] 2s² 2p⁶
Shells	2/8
appearance	colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in a high voltage electric field
category	noble gas
Electroaffinity	-116

Na 11

Sodium

22.99

[Ne] 3s¹
2/8/1

0.93

Beschreibung

Sodium /ˈsoʊdiəm/ is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Ancient Greek Νάτριο) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silver-white, highly reactive metal. In the Periodic table it is in column 1 (alkali metals), and shares with the other six elements in that column that it has a single electron in its outer shell, which it readily donates, creating a positively charged atom - a cation.

Source

Bild

Na (Sodium) Metal The original uploader was Dnn87 at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	3
Group	1
Atomic mass	22.989769282 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	370.944 K (97.794 °C)
Boiling Point	1156.09 K (882.94 °C)
Density	0.968 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ne] 3s¹
Shells	2/8/1
appearance	silvery white metallic
category	alkali metal
Electroaffinity	52.867
Electronegativity	0.93

Mg 12

Magnesium

24.305

[Ne] 3s²
2/8/2

1.31

Beschreibung

Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (Group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table:they each have the same electron configuration in their outer electron shell producing a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe.

Source

Bild

Magnesium crystals Warut Roonguthai, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	3
Group	2
Atomic mass	24.305 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	923 K (649.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1363 K (1089.85 °C)
Density	1.738 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ne] 3s²
Shells	2/8/2
appearance	shiny grey solid
category	alkaline earth metal
Electroaffinity	-40
Electronegativity	1.31

Al 13

Aluminium

26.982

[Ne] 3s² 3p¹
2/8/3

1.61

Beschreibung

Aluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust.

Source

Bild

Pure aluminium foil. Original size in cm: 5 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/aluminium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	3
Group	13
Atomic mass	26.98153857 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	933.47 K (660.32 °C)
Boiling Point	2743 K (2469.85 °C)
Density	2.7 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p¹
Shells	2/8/3
appearance	silvery gray metallic
category	post-transition metal
Electroaffinity	41.762
Electronegativity	1.61

Si 14

Silicon

28.085

[Ne] 3s² 3p²
2/8/4

1.9

Beschreibung

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery.

Source

Bild

Chunk of Ultrapure Silicon, 2 x 2 cm Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/silicon.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	3
Group	14
Atomic mass	28.085 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1687 K (1413.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3538 K (3264.85 °C)
Density	2.329 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p²
Shells	2/8/4
appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
category	metalloid
Electroaffinity	134.0684
Electronegativity	1.9

P 15

Phosphorus

30.974

[Ne] 3s² 3p³
2/8/5

2.19

Beschreibung

Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Instead phosphorus-containing minerals are almost always present in their maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks.

Source

Bild

Purple Phosphorus Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/phosphorus.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	3
Group	15
Atomic mass	30.9737619985 ^g⁄_mol
Density	1.823 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p³
Shells	2/8/5
appearance	colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
category	polyatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	72.037
Electronegativity	2.19

S 16

Sulfur

32.06

[Ne] 3s² 3p⁴
2/8/6

2.58

Beschreibung

Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.

Source

Bild

Native Sulfur From Russia James St. John, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	3
Group	16
Atomic mass	32.06 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	388.36 K (115.21 °C)
Boiling Point	717.8 K (444.65 °C)
Density	2.07 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p⁴
Shells	2/8/6
appearance	lemon yellow sintered microcrystals
category	polyatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	200.4101
Electronegativity	2.58

Cl 17

Chlorine

35.45

[Ne] 3s² 3p⁵
2/8/7

3.16

Beschreibung

Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. It also has a relative atomic mass of 35.5. Chlorine is in the halogen group (17) and is the second lightest halogen following fluorine.

Source

Bild

A Sample of Chlorine Benjah-bmm27, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	3
Group	17
Atomic mass	35.45 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	171.6 K (-101.55 °C)
Boiling Point	239.11 K (-34.04 °C)
Density	3.2 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p⁵
Shells	2/8/7
appearance	pale yellow-green gas
category	diatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	348.575
Electronegativity	3.16

Ar 18

Argon

39.948

[Ne] 3s² 3p⁶
2/8/8

–

Beschreibung

Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9,340 ppmv), making it over twice as abundant as the next most common atmospheric gas, water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), and 23 times as abundant as the next most common non-condensing atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as the next most common noble gas, neon (18 ppmv).

Source

Bild

Vial of glowing ultrapure argon. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/argon.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	3
Group	18
Atomic mass	39.9481 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	83.81 K (-189.34 °C)
Boiling Point	87.302 K (-185.848 °C)
Density	1.784 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p⁶
Shells	2/8/8
appearance	colorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in a high voltage electric field
category	noble gas
Electroaffinity	-96

K 19

Potassium

39.098

[Ar] 4s¹
2/8/8/1

0.82

Beschreibung

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (derived from Neo-Latin, kalium) and atomic number 19. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name is derived. In the Periodic table, potassium is one of seven elements in column (group) 1 (alkali metals):they all have a single valence electron in their outer electron shell, which they readily give up to create an atom with a positive charge - a cation, and combine with anions to form salts.

Source

Bild

Potassium Pieces Dnn87, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	1
Atomic mass	39.09831 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	336.7 K (63.55 °C)
Boiling Point	1032 K (758.85 °C)
Density	0.862 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 4s¹
Shells	2/8/8/1
appearance	silvery gray
category	alkali metal
Electroaffinity	48.383
Electronegativity	0.82

Ca 20

Calcium

40.078

[Ar] 4s²
2/8/8/2

1

Beschreibung

Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. The ion Ca2+ is also the fifth-most-abundant dissolved ion in seawater by both molarity and mass, after sodium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfate.

Source

Bild

Calcium Grains, grain size about 1 mm Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/calcium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	2
Atomic mass	40.0784 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1115 K (841.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1757 K (1483.85 °C)
Density	1.55 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 4s²
Shells	2/8/8/2
category	alkaline earth metal
Electroaffinity	2.37
Electronegativity	1

Sc 21

Scandium

44.956

[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²
2/8/9/2

1.36

Beschreibung

Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.

Source

Bild

Crystal of Scandium. About 1g JanDerChemiker, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	3
Atomic mass	44.9559085 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1814 K (1540.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3109 K (2835.85 °C)
Density	2.985 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²
Shells	2/8/9/2
appearance	silvery white
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	18
Electronegativity	1.36

Ti 22

Titanium

47.867

[Ar] 3d² 4s²
2/8/10/2

1.54

Beschreibung

Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia and chlorine.

Source

Bild

Titanium Crystal made with the van Arkel-de Booer Process. 87 grams, Original size in cm: 2.5 x 4 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/titanium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	4
Atomic mass	47.8671 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1941 K (1667.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3560 K (3286.85 °C)
Density	4.506 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d² 4s²
Shells	2/8/10/2
appearance	silvery grey-white metallic
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	7.289
Electronegativity	1.54

V 23

Vanadium

50.942

[Ar] 3d³ 4s²
2/8/11/2

1.63

Beschreibung

Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.

Source

Bild

Pieces of Pure Vanadium with Oxide Layer Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/vanadium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	5
Atomic mass	50.94151 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2183 K (1909.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3680 K (3406.85 °C)
Density	6 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d³ 4s²
Shells	2/8/11/2
appearance	blue-silver-grey metal
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	50.911
Electronegativity	1.63

Cr 24

Chromium

51.996

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹
2/8/13/1

1.66

Beschreibung

Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point.

Source

Bild

Piece of Chromium Metal Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/chromium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	6
Atomic mass	51.99616 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2180 K (1906.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2944 K (2670.85 °C)
Density	7.19 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹
Shells	2/8/13/1
appearance	silvery metallic
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	65.21
Electronegativity	1.66

Mn 25

Manganese

54.938

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²
2/8/13/2

1.55

Beschreibung

Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.

Source

Bild

Two pieces of Manganese Metal W. Oelen, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	7
Atomic mass	54.9380443 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1519 K (1245.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2334 K (2060.85 °C)
Density	7.21 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²
Shells	2/8/13/2
appearance	silvery metallic
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	-50
Electronegativity	1.55

Fe 26

Iron

55.845

[Ar] 3d⁶ 4s²
2/8/14/2

1.83

Beschreibung

Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin:ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core.

Source

Bild

Fragments of an iron meteorite, about 92% iron. Original size of the single pieces in cm: 0.4 - 0.8 Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/iron.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	8
Atomic mass	55.8452 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1811 K (1537.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3134 K (2860.85 °C)
Density	7.874 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d⁶ 4s²
Shells	2/8/14/2
appearance	lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	14.785
Electronegativity	1.83

Co 27

Cobalt

58.933

[Ar] 3d⁷ 4s²
2/8/15/2

1.88

Beschreibung

Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt in the Earth's crust is found only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.

Source

Bild

Fractions from a cobalt, 7 and 4 grams. Original size in cm: 2 x 2 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/cobalt.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	9
Atomic mass	58.9331944 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1768 K (1494.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3200 K (2926.85 °C)
Density	8.9 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d⁷ 4s²
Shells	2/8/15/2
appearance	hard lustrous gray metal
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	63.898
Electronegativity	1.88

Ni 28

Nickel

58.693

[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²
2/8/16/2

1.91

Beschreibung

Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.

Source

Bild

Nickel Chunk Materialscientist at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	10
Atomic mass	58.69344 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1728 K (1454.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3003 K (2729.85 °C)
Density	8.908 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²
Shells	2/8/16/2
appearance	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	111.65
Electronegativity	1.91

Cu 29

Copper

63.546

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
2/8/18/1

1.9

Beschreibung

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin:cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color.

Source

Bild

Macro of Native Copper about 1 ½ inches (4 cm) in size Native_Copper_Macro_Digon3.jpg: 'Jonathan Zander (Digon3)' derivative work: Materialscientist, CC BY-SA 2.5 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	11
Atomic mass	63.5463 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1357.77 K (1084.62 °C)
Boiling Point	2835 K (2561.85 °C)
Density	8.96 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
Shells	2/8/18/1
appearance	red-orange metallic luster
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	119.235
Electronegativity	1.9

Zn 30

Zinc

65.382

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²
2/8/18/2

1.65

Beschreibung

Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium:its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.

Source

Bild

30 grams Zinc, front and back side. Original size in cm: 3 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/zinc.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	12
Atomic mass	65.382 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	692.68 K (419.53 °C)
Boiling Point	1180 K (906.85 °C)
Density	7.14 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²
Shells	2/8/18/2
appearance	silver-gray
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	-58
Electronegativity	1.65

Ga 31

Gallium

69.723

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
2/8/18/3

1.81

Beschreibung

Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in free form in nature, but as the gallium(III) compounds that are in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures, and melts at 29.76 °C (85.57 °F) (slightly above room temperature).

Source

Bild

Solid gallium, fresh and after some time (2 months) at room temperature Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/gallium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	13
Atomic mass	69.7231 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	302.9146 K (29.765 °C)
Boiling Point	2673 K (2399.85 °C)
Density	5.91 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
Shells	2/8/18/3
appearance	silver-white
category	post-transition metal
Electroaffinity	41
Electronegativity	1.81

Ge 32

Germanium

72.631

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
2/8/18/4

2.01

Beschreibung

Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon.

Source

Bild

12 Grams Polycrystalline Germanium, 2*3 cm Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/germanium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	14
Atomic mass	72.6308 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1211.4 K (938.25 °C)
Boiling Point	3106 K (2832.85 °C)
Density	5.323 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
Shells	2/8/18/4
appearance	grayish-white
category	metalloid
Electroaffinity	118.9352
Electronegativity	2.01

As 33

Arsenic

74.922

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³
2/8/18/5

2.18

Beschreibung

Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid.

Source

Bild

Ultrapure Metallic Arsenic under Argon, 1 - 2 grams. Original size of each piece in cm: 0.5 x 1 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/arsenic.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	15
Atomic mass	74.9215956 ^g⁄_mol
Density	5.727 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³
Shells	2/8/18/5
appearance	metallic grey
category	metalloid
Electroaffinity	77.65
Electronegativity	2.18

Se 34

Selenium

78.972

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴
2/8/18/6

2.55

Beschreibung

Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. It rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature, or as pure ore compounds.

Source

Bild

Ultrapure Black, Amorphous Selenium, 3 - 4 grams. Original size in cm: 2 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/selenium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	16
Atomic mass	78.9718 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	494 K (220.85 °C)
Boiling Point	958 K (684.85 °C)
Density	4.81 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴
Shells	2/8/18/6
appearance	black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes
category	polyatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	194.9587
Electronegativity	2.55

Br 35

Bromine

79.904

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵
2/8/18/7

2.96

Beschreibung

Bromine (from Ancient Greek:βρῶμος, brómos, meaning "stench") is a chemical element with symbol Br, and atomic number 35. It is a halogen. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826.

Source

Bild

99.5 % pure liquid Bromine in a 4 x 1 cm big glass ampoule, cast in acrylic Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/bromine.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	17
Atomic mass	79.904 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	265.8 K (-7.35 °C)
Boiling Point	332 K (58.85 °C)
Density	3.1028 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵
Shells	2/8/18/7
category	diatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	324.537
Electronegativity	2.96

Kr 36

Krypton

83.798

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶
2/8/18/8

3

Beschreibung

Krypton (from Greek:κρυπτός kryptos "the hidden one") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionally distilling liquefied air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps.

Source

Bild

Vial of Glowing Ultrapure Krypton. Original size in cm: 1 x 5. Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/krypton.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	4
Group	18
Atomic mass	83.7982 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	115.78 K (-157.37 °C)
Boiling Point	119.93 K (-153.22 °C)
Density	3.749 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶
Shells	2/8/18/8
appearance	colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field
category	noble gas
Electroaffinity	-96
Electronegativity	3

Rb 37

Rubidium

85.468

[Kr] 5s¹
2/8/18/8/1

0.82

Beschreibung

Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, such as very rapid oxidation in air.

Source

Bild

Rubidium Metal Sample Dnn87, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	1
Atomic mass	85.46783 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	312.45 K (39.3 °C)
Boiling Point	961 K (687.85 °C)
Density	1.532 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 5s¹
Shells	2/8/18/8/1
appearance	grey white
category	alkali metal
Electroaffinity	46.884
Electronegativity	0.82

Sr 38

Strontium

87.621

[Kr] 5s²
2/8/18/8/2

0.95

Beschreibung

Strontium is a chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The metal turns yellow when it is exposed to air.

Source

Bild

Strontium Pieces under Paraffin Oil. Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/strontium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	2
Atomic mass	87.621 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1050 K (776.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1650 K (1376.85 °C)
Density	2.64 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 5s²
Shells	2/8/18/8/2
category	alkaline earth metal
Electroaffinity	5.023
Electronegativity	0.95

Y 39

Yttrium

88.906

[Kr] 4d¹ 5s²
2/8/18/9/2

1.22

Beschreibung

Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.

Source

Bild

6,21g Yttrium, Reinheit mindestens 99%. Jan Anskeit, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	3
Atomic mass	88.905842 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1799 K (1525.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3203 K (2929.85 °C)
Density	4.472 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹ 5s²
Shells	2/8/18/9/2
appearance	silvery white
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	29.6
Electronegativity	1.22

Zr 40

Zirconium

91.224

[Kr] 4d² 5s²
2/8/18/10/2

1.33

Beschreibung

Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes from the Persian word zargun زرگون, meaning "gold-colored".

Source

Bild

Two pieces of Zirconium, 1 cm each. Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/zirconium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	4
Atomic mass	91.2242 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2128 K (1854.85 °C)
Boiling Point	4650 K (4376.85 °C)
Density	6.52 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d² 5s²
Shells	2/8/18/10/2
appearance	silvery white
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	41.806
Electronegativity	1.33

Nb 41

Niobium

92.906

[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹
2/8/18/12/1

1.6

Beschreibung

Niobium, formerly columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology:Niobe, daughter of Tantalus since it is so similar to tantalum.

Source

Bild

Niobium strips Mauro Cateb, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	5
Atomic mass	92.906372 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2750 K (2476.85 °C)
Boiling Point	5017 K (4743.85 °C)
Density	8.57 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹
Shells	2/8/18/12/1
appearance	gray metallic, bluish when oxidized
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	88.516
Electronegativity	1.6

Mo 42

Molybdenum

95.951

[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹
2/8/18/13/1

2.16

Beschreibung

Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek Μόλυβδος molybdos, meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead ores. Molybdenum minerals have been known throughout history, but the element was discovered (in the sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Source

Bild

99.9 Pure Molybdenum Crystal, about 2 x 3 cm, with anodisation color Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/molybdenum.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	6
Atomic mass	95.951 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2896 K (2622.85 °C)
Boiling Point	4912 K (4638.85 °C)
Density	10.28 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹
Shells	2/8/18/13/1
appearance	gray metallic
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	72.1
Electronegativity	2.16

Tc 43

Technetium

98

[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s²
2/8/18/13/2

1.9

Beschreibung

Technetium (/tɛkˈniːʃiəm/) is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43. It is the element with the lowest atomic number in the periodic table that has no stable isotopes:every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in nature.

Source

Bild

Technetium Sample inside a sealed glass ampoule, filled with argon gas. 6x1 mm goldfoil covered with 99Tc powder (electroplated). GFDL, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	7
Atomic mass	98 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2430 K (2156.85 °C)
Boiling Point	4538 K (4264.85 °C)
Density	11 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s²
Shells	2/8/18/13/2
appearance	shiny gray metal
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	53
Electronegativity	1.9

Ru 44

Ruthenium

101.072

[Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹
2/8/18/15/1

2.2

Beschreibung

Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals.

Source

Bild

Ruthenium Crystal, 0.6 grams, 0.6 x 1.3 cm size Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/ruthenium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	8
Atomic mass	101.072 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2607 K (2333.85 °C)
Boiling Point	4423 K (4149.85 °C)
Density	12.45 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹
Shells	2/8/18/15/1
appearance	silvery white metallic
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	100.96
Electronegativity	2.2

Rh 45

Rhodium

102.906

[Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹
2/8/18/16/1

2.28

Beschreibung

Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert transition metal. It is a member of the platinum group.

Source

Bild

Pure Rhodium Bead, 1 gram. Original size in cm: 0.5 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/rhodium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	9
Atomic mass	102.905502 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2237 K (1963.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3968 K (3694.85 °C)
Density	12.41 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹
Shells	2/8/18/16/1
appearance	silvery white metallic
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	110.27
Electronegativity	2.28

Pd 46

Palladium

106.421

[Kr] 4d¹⁰
2/8/18/18

2.2

Beschreibung

Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas.

Source

Bild

Palladium Crystal, about 1 gram. Original size in cm: 0.5 x 1 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/palladium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	10
Atomic mass	106.421 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1828.05 K (1554.9 °C)
Boiling Point	3236 K (2962.85 °C)
Density	12.023 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰
Shells	2/8/18/18
appearance	silvery white
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	54.24
Electronegativity	2.2

Ag 47

Silver

107.868

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹
2/8/18/18/1

1.93

Beschreibung

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (Greek:άργυρος árguros, Latin:argentum, both from the Indo-European root *h₂erǵ- for "grey" or "shining") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it possesses the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.

Source

Bild

Natural silver nugget, 1 cm long. Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/silver.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	11
Atomic mass	107.86822 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1234.93 K (961.78 °C)
Boiling Point	2435 K (2161.85 °C)
Density	10.49 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹
Shells	2/8/18/18/1
appearance	lustrous white metal
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	125.862
Electronegativity	1.93

Cd 48

Cadmium

112.414

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²
2/8/18/18/2

1.69

Beschreibung

Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals.

Source

Bild

48 Cd Cadmium Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/cadmium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	12
Atomic mass	112.4144 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	594.22 K (321.07 °C)
Boiling Point	1040 K (766.85 °C)
Density	8.65 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²
Shells	2/8/18/18/2
appearance	silvery bluish-gray metallic
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	-68
Electronegativity	1.69

In 49

Indium

114.818

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹
2/8/18/18/3

1.78

Beschreibung

Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metallic element that is rare in Earth's crust. The metal is very soft, malleable and easily fusible, with a melting point higher than sodium, but lower than lithium or tin.

Source

Bild

1.5 x 1.5 cm liquid indium Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/indium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	13
Atomic mass	114.8181 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	429.7485 K (156.599 °C)
Boiling Point	2345 K (2071.85 °C)
Density	7.31 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹
Shells	2/8/18/18/3
appearance	silvery lustrous gray
category	post-transition metal
Electroaffinity	37.043
Electronegativity	1.78

Sn 50

Tin

118.711

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
2/8/18/18/4

1.96

Beschreibung

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin:stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4.

Source

Bild

Tin blob Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/tin.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	14
Atomic mass	118.7107 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	505.08 K (231.93 °C)
Boiling Point	2875 K (2601.85 °C)
Density	7.365 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
Shells	2/8/18/18/4
appearance	silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)
category	post-transition metal
Electroaffinity	107.2984
Electronegativity	1.96

Sb 51

Antimony

121.76

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³
2/8/18/18/5

2.05

Beschreibung

Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics; metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery.

Source

Bild

Antimony crystal, 2 grams, 1 cm Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/antimony.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	15
Atomic mass	121.7601 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	903.78 K (630.63 °C)
Boiling Point	1908 K (1634.85 °C)
Density	6.697 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³
Shells	2/8/18/18/5
appearance	silvery lustrous gray
category	metalloid
Electroaffinity	101.059
Electronegativity	2.05

Te 52

Tellurium

127.603

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴
2/8/18/18/6

2.1

Beschreibung

Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur.

Source

Bild

Metallic tellurium, diameter 3.5 cm Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tellurium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	16
Atomic mass	127.603 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	722.66 K (449.51 °C)
Boiling Point	1261 K (987.85 °C)
Density	6.24 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴
Shells	2/8/18/18/6
category	metalloid
Electroaffinity	190.161
Electronegativity	2.1

I 53

Iodine

126.904

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵
2/8/18/18/7

2.66

Beschreibung

Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is from Greek ἰοειδής ioeidēs, meaning violet or purple, due to the color of iodine vapor. Iodine and its compounds are primarily used in nutrition, and industrially in the production of acetic acid and certain polymers.

Source

Bild

Iodine Sample Benjah-bmm27, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	17
Atomic mass	126.904473 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	386.85 K (113.7 °C)
Boiling Point	457.4 K (184.25 °C)
Density	4.933 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵
Shells	2/8/18/18/7
appearance	lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas
category	diatomic nonmetal
Electroaffinity	295.1531
Electronegativity	2.66

Xe 54

Xenon

131.294

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶
2/8/18/18/8

2.6

Beschreibung

Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas, that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation of xenon hexafluoroplatinate, the first noble gas compound to be synthesized.

Source

Bild

Vial of glowing ultrapure xenon. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/xenon.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	5
Group	18
Atomic mass	131.2936 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	161.4 K (-111.75 °C)
Boiling Point	165.051 K (-108.099 °C)
Density	5.894 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶
Shells	2/8/18/18/8
appearance	colorless gas, exhibiting a blue glow when placed in a high voltage electric field
category	noble gas
Electroaffinity	-77
Electronegativity	2.6

Cs 55

Cesium

132.905

[Xe] 6s¹
2/8/18/18/8/1

0.79

Beschreibung

Caesium or cesium is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 °C (82 °F), which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium is an alkali metal and has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium.

Source

Bild

Cesium/Caesium metal Dnn87 Contact email: Dnn87yahoo.dk, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	1
Atomic mass	132.905451966 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	301.7 K (28.55 °C)
Boiling Point	944 K (670.85 °C)
Density	1.93 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 6s¹
Shells	2/8/18/18/8/1
appearance	silvery gold
category	alkali metal
Electroaffinity	45.505
Electronegativity	0.79

Ba 56

Barium

137.328

[Xe] 6s²
2/8/18/18/8/2

0.89

Beschreibung

Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity barium is never found in nature as a free element.

Source

Bild

1.5 Grams Barium with a Grey Oxide Layer under Argon. Original size in cm: 0.7 x 1 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/barium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	2
Atomic mass	137.3277 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1000 K (726.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2118 K (1844.85 °C)
Density	3.51 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/18/8/2
category	alkaline earth metal
Electroaffinity	13.954
Electronegativity	0.89

La 57

Lanthanum

138.905

[Xe] 5d¹ 6s²
2/8/18/18/9/2

1.1

Beschreibung

Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metallic chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57. It tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It gave its name to the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table:it is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals.

Source

Bild

1 cm Big Piece of Pure Lanthanum Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lanthanum.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	138.905477 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1193 K (919.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3737 K (3463.85 °C)
Density	6.162 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 5d¹ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/18/9/2
appearance	silvery white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	53
Electronegativity	1.1

Ce 58

Cerium

140.116

[Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²
2/8/18/19/9/2

1.12

Beschreibung

Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after the Roman goddess of agriculture).

Source

Bild

Ultrapure Cerium under Argon, 1.5 grams. Original size in cm: 1 x 1 Jurii, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/cerium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	140.1161 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1068 K (794.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3716 K (3442.85 °C)
Density	6.77 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/19/9/2
appearance	silvery white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	55
Electronegativity	1.12

Pr 59

Praseodymium

140.908

[Xe] 4f³ 6s²
2/8/18/21/8/2

1.13

Beschreibung

Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the lanthanide group. It is valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.

Source

Bild

1.5 Grams Praseodymium under Argon, 0.5 cm big pieces Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/praseodymium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	140.907662 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1208 K (934.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3403 K (3129.85 °C)
Density	6.77 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f³ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/21/8/2
appearance	grayish white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	93
Electronegativity	1.13

Nd 60

Neodymium

144.242

[Xe] 4f⁴ 6s²
2/8/18/22/8/2

1.14

Beschreibung

Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.

Source

Bild

Ultrapure Neodymium under Argon, 5 grams. Original length of the large piece in cm: 1 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/neodymium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	144.2423 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1297 K (1023.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3347 K (3073.85 °C)
Density	7.01 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁴ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/22/8/2
appearance	silvery white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	184.87
Electronegativity	1.14

Pm 61

Promethium

145

[Xe] 4f⁵ 6s²
2/8/18/23/8/2

1.13

Beschreibung

Promethium, originally prometheum, is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is one of only two such elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, a distinction shared with technetium. Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide, which forms salts when combined with other elements.

Source

Bild

Photomontage of what promethium metal might look like (it is too radioactive and real images are not available) Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/promethium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	145 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1315 K (1041.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3273 K (2999.85 °C)
Density	7.26 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁵ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/23/8/2
appearance	metallic
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	12.45
Electronegativity	1.13

Sm 62

Samarium

150.362

[Xe] 4f⁶ 6s²
2/8/18/24/8/2

1.17

Beschreibung

Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3.

Source

Bild

Ultrapure Sublimated Samarium, 2 grams. Original size in cm: 0.8 x 1.5 Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/samarium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	150.362 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1345 K (1071.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2173 K (1899.85 °C)
Density	7.52 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁶ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/24/8/2
appearance	silvery white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	15.63
Electronegativity	1.17

Eu 63

Europium

151.964

[Xe] 4f⁷ 6s²
2/8/18/25/8/2

1.2

Beschreibung

Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water.

Source

Bild

Weakly Oxidized Europium, hence slightly yellowish. 1.5 grams, large piece 0.6 x 1.6 cm. Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/europium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	151.9641 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1099 K (825.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1802 K (1528.85 °C)
Density	5.264 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁷ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/25/8/2
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	11.2
Electronegativity	1.2

Gd 64

Gadolinium

157.253

[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²
2/8/18/25/9/2

1.2

Beschreibung

Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form.

Source

Bild

Pure (99.95%) Amorphous Gadolinium, about 12 grams, 2 × 1.5 × 0.5 cm, cast in acrylic glass Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/gadolinium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	157.253 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1585 K (1311.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3273 K (2999.85 °C)
Density	7.9 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/25/9/2
appearance	silvery white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	13.22
Electronegativity	1.2

Tb 65

Terbium

158.925

[Xe] 4f⁹ 6s²
2/8/18/27/8/2

1.1

Beschreibung

Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime and euxenite.

Source

Bild

Pure Terbium, 3 grams. Original size: 1 cm Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/terbium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	158.925352 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1629 K (1355.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3396 K (3122.85 °C)
Density	8.23 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁹ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/27/8/2
appearance	silvery white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	112.4
Electronegativity	1.1

Dy 66

Dysprosium

162.5

[Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s²
2/8/18/28/8/2

1.22

Beschreibung

Dysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime.

Source

Bild

Pure Dysprosium Dendrites Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/dysprosium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	162.5001 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1680 K (1406.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2840 K (2566.85 °C)
Density	8.54 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/28/8/2
appearance	silvery white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	33.96
Electronegativity	1.22

Ho 67

Holmium

164.93

[Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s²
2/8/18/29/8/2

1.23

Beschreibung

Holmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare earth element. Holmium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve.

Source

Bild

Ultrapure Holmium, 17 grams. Original size in cm: 1.5 x 2.5 Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/holmium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	164.930332 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1734 K (1460.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2873 K (2599.85 °C)
Density	8.79 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/29/8/2
appearance	silvery white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	32.61
Electronegativity	1.23

Er 68

Erbium

167.259

[Xe] 4f¹² 6s²
2/8/18/30/8/2

1.24

Beschreibung

Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth. As such, it is a rare earth element which is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden, where yttrium, ytterbium, and terbium were discovered.

Source

Bild

9.5 Gramms Pure Erbium, 2 x 2 cm Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/erbium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	167.2593 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1802 K (1528.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3141 K (2867.85 °C)
Density	9.066 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹² 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/30/8/2
appearance	silvery white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	30.1
Electronegativity	1.24

Tm 69

Thulium

168.934

[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²
2/8/18/31/8/2

1.25

Beschreibung

Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.

Source

Bild

Ultrapure (99.997%) Crystalline Thulium, 22.3 grams, 3 × 3 × 2 cm in size Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/thulium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	168.934222 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1818 K (1544.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2223 K (1949.85 °C)
Density	9.32 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/31/8/2
appearance	silvery gray
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	99
Electronegativity	1.25

Yb 70

Ytterbium

173.045

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 6s²
2/8/18/32/8/2

1.1

Beschreibung

Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. However, like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.

Source

Bild

Ytterbium, 0.5 x 1 cm Jurii, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/ytterbium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	173.0451 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1097 K (823.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1469 K (1195.85 °C)
Density	6.9 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/8/2
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	-1.93
Electronegativity	1.1

Lu 71

Lutetium

174.967

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s²
2/8/18/32/9/2

1.27

Beschreibung

Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry, but not in moist air. It is considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and the last element in the lanthanide series, and is traditionally counted among the rare earths.

Source

Bild

1 cm Big Piece of Pure Lutetium Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lutetium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	3
Atomic mass	174.96681 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1925 K (1651.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3675 K (3401.85 °C)
Density	9.841 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/9/2
appearance	silvery white
category	lanthanide
Electroaffinity	33.4
Electronegativity	1.27

Hf 72

Hafnium

178.492

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²
2/8/18/32/10/2

1.3

Beschreibung

Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, making it the penultimate stable element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years later).

Source

Bild

Electrolytic Hafnium, 22 grams. Original size in cm: 1 x 2 x 3 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/hafnium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	4
Atomic mass	178.492 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2506 K (2232.85 °C)
Boiling Point	4876 K (4602.85 °C)
Density	13.31 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/10/2
appearance	steel gray
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	17.18
Electronegativity	1.3

Ta 73

Tantalum

180.948

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s²
2/8/18/32/11/2

1.5

Beschreibung

Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, its name comes from Tantalus, an antihero from Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.

Source

Bild

Piece of tantalum, 1 cm in size Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tantalum.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	5
Atomic mass	180.947882 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	3290 K (3016.85 °C)
Boiling Point	5731 K (5457.85 °C)
Density	16.69 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/11/2
appearance	gray blue
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	31
Electronegativity	1.5

W 74

Tungsten

183.841

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s²
2/8/18/32/12/2

2.36

Beschreibung

Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W and atomic number 74. The word tungsten comes from the Swedish language tung sten, which directly translates to heavy stone. Its name in Swedish is volfram, however, in order to distinguish it from scheelite, which in Swedish is alternatively named tungsten.

Source

Bild

Tungsten rod with oxidised surface, 80 grams. Original size in cm: 1.3 x 3 Jurii, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tungsten.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	6
Atomic mass	183.841 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	3695 K (3421.85 °C)
Boiling Point	6203 K (5929.85 °C)
Density	19.25 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/12/2
appearance	grayish white, lustrous
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	78.76
Electronegativity	2.36

Re 75

Rhenium

186.207

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s²
2/8/18/32/13/2

1.9

Beschreibung

Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust.

Source

Bild

Pure Rhenium Bead, arc melted, 21 grams. Original size in cm: 1.5 x 1.7. Measured radiation dose <0.05 μS/h. Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/rhenium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	7
Atomic mass	186.2071 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	3459 K (3185.85 °C)
Boiling Point	5869 K (5595.85 °C)
Density	21.02 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/13/2
appearance	silvery-grayish
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	5.8273
Electronegativity	1.9

Os 76

Osmium

190.233

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶ 6s²
2/8/18/32/14/2

2.2

Beschreibung

Osmium (from Greek osme (ὀσμή) meaning "smell") is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 22.59 g/cm3.

Source

Bild

Pure Osmium Bead Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/osmium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	8
Atomic mass	190.233 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	3306 K (3032.85 °C)
Boiling Point	5285 K (5011.85 °C)
Density	22.59 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/14/2
appearance	silvery, blue cast
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	103.99
Electronegativity	2.2

Ir 77

Iridium

192.217

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷ 6s²
2/8/18/32/15/2

2.2

Beschreibung

Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium) based on measured density, although calculations involving the space lattices of the elements show that iridium is denser. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Although only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can be flammable.

Source

Bild

Pieces of Pure Iridium, 1 gram. Original size: 0.1 - 0.3 cm each Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/iridium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	9
Atomic mass	192.2173 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2719 K (2445.85 °C)
Boiling Point	4403 K (4129.85 °C)
Density	22.56 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/15/2
appearance	silvery white
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	150.94
Electronegativity	2.2

Pt 78

Platinum

195.085

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹
2/8/18/32/17/1

2.28

Beschreibung

Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, gray-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina, which is literally translated into "little silver".

Source

Bild

Crystals of Pure Platinum grown by gas phase transport Periodictableru, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	10
Atomic mass	195.0849 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2041.4 K (1768.25 °C)
Boiling Point	4098 K (3824.85 °C)
Density	21.45 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹
Shells	2/8/18/32/17/1
appearance	silvery white
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	205.041
Electronegativity	2.28

Au 79

Gold

196.967

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹
2/8/18/32/18/1

2.54

Beschreibung

Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element.

Source

Bild

Ultrapure Gold Leaf Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/gold.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	11
Atomic mass	196.9665695 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1337.33 K (1064.18 °C)
Boiling Point	3243 K (2969.85 °C)
Density	19.3 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/1
appearance	metallic yellow
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	222.747
Electronegativity	2.54

Hg 80

Mercury

200.592

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²
2/8/18/32/18/2

2

Beschreibung

Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum (/haɪˈdrɑːrdʒərəm/). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.

Source

Bild

6 grams pure mercury. Diameter of the inner disc: 2 cm Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/mercury.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	12
Atomic mass	200.5923 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	234.321 K (-38.829 °C)
Boiling Point	629.88 K (356.73 °C)
Density	13.534 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/2
appearance	silvery
category	transition metal
Electroaffinity	-48
Electronegativity	2

Tl 81

Thallium

204.38

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹
2/8/18/32/18/3

1.62

Beschreibung

Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. When isolated, it resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air.

Source

Bild

8 grams pure thallium under argon. Original size in cm: 0.7 x 1.5 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/thallium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	13
Atomic mass	204.38 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	577 K (303.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1746 K (1472.85 °C)
Density	11.85 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/3
appearance	silvery white
category	post-transition metal
Electroaffinity	36.4
Electronegativity	1.62

Pb 82

Lead

207.21

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²
2/8/18/32/18/4

1.87

Beschreibung

Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.

Source

Bild

Ultrapure Lead Bead from two sides. Original size in cm: 1.5 x 2 Chemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lead.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	14
Atomic mass	207.21 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	600.61 K (327.46 °C)
Boiling Point	2022 K (1748.85 °C)
Density	11.34 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/4
appearance	metallic gray
category	post-transition metal
Electroaffinity	34.4204
Electronegativity	1.87

Bi 83

Bismuth

208.98

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³
2/8/18/32/18/5

2.02

Beschreibung

Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.

Source

Bild

Bismuth Crystal Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/bismuth.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	15
Atomic mass	208.980401 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	544.7 K (271.55 °C)
Boiling Point	1837 K (1563.85 °C)
Density	9.78 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/5
appearance	lustrous silver
category	post-transition metal
Electroaffinity	90.924
Electronegativity	2.02

Po 84

Polonium

209

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴
2/8/18/32/18/6

2

Beschreibung

Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uranium ores. Applications of polonium are few.

Source

Bild

This is only an illustration, not polonium itself. A silvery, radioactive metal, producing so much heat that it gets liquid and ionizes the surrounding air Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/polonium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	16
Atomic mass	209 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	527 K (253.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1235 K (961.85 °C)
Density	9.196 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/6
appearance	silvery
category	post-transition metal
Electroaffinity	136
Electronegativity	2

At 85

Astatine

210

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁵
2/8/18/32/18/7

2.2

Beschreibung

Astatine is a very rare radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. All its isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours.

Source

Bild

This is only an illustration, not astatine itself. Crystals similar to iodine, but darker in color than these, which due to the extreme radioactivity glow blue and evaporate to dark purple gas Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/astatine.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	17
Atomic mass	210 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	575 K (301.85 °C)
Boiling Point	610 K (336.85 °C)
Density	6.35 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁵
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/7
appearance	unknown, probably metallic
category	metalloid
Electroaffinity	233
Electronegativity	2.2

Rn 86

Radon

222

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶
2/8/18/32/18/8

2.2

Beschreibung

Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as a decay product of radium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days.

Source

Bild

This is only an illustration, not radon itself. Radon is said to glow red in discharge tubes, although it practically is never used for this, due to its strong radioactivity. Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/radon.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	6
Group	18
Atomic mass	222 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	202 K (-71.15 °C)
Boiling Point	211.5 K (-61.65 °C)
Density	9.73 ^g⁄_dm³ = ^g⁄_l
Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/8
appearance	colorless gas, occasionally glows green or red in discharge tubes
category	noble gas
Electroaffinity	-68
Electronegativity	2.2

Fr 87

Francium

223

[Rn] 7s¹
2/8/18/32/18/8/1

0.79

Beschreibung

Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It used to be known as eka-caesium and actinium K. It is the second-least electronegative element, behind only caesium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon.

Source

Bild

This is only an illustration, not francium itself. Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/francium.jpg

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	1
Atomic mass	223 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	300 K (26.85 °C)
Boiling Point	950 K (676.85 °C)
Density	1.87 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 7s¹
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/8/1
category	alkali metal
Electroaffinity	46.89
Electronegativity	0.79

Ra 88

Radium

226

[Rn] 7s²
2/8/18/32/18/8/2

0.9

Beschreibung

Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure radium is almost colorless, but it readily combines with nitrogen (rather than oxygen) on exposure to air, forming a black surface layer of radium nitride (Ra3N2).

Source

Bild

Radium electroplated on a very small sample of copper foil and covered with polyurethane to prevent reaction with the air grenadier, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	2
Atomic mass	226 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1233 K (959.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2010 K (1736.85 °C)
Density	5.5 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/8/2
appearance	silvery white metallic
category	alkaline earth metal
Electroaffinity	9.6485
Electronegativity	0.9

Ac 89

Actinium

227

[Rn] 6d¹ 7s²
2/8/18/32/18/9/2

1.1

Beschreibung

Actinium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Ac (not to be confused with the abbreviation for an acetyl group) and atomic number 89, which was discovered in 1899. It was the first non-primordial radioactive element to be isolated. Polonium, radium and radon were observed before actinium, but they were not isolated until 1902.

Source

Bild

Actinium-225 medical radioisotope held in a v-vial at ORNL. The blue glow comes from the ionization of surrounding air by alpha particles Oak Ridge National Laboratory, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/oakridgelab/31481701837/

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	227 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1500 K (1226.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3500 K (3226.85 °C)
Density	10 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 6d¹ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/9/2
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	33.77
Electronegativity	1.1

Th 90

Thorium

232.038

[Rn] 6d² 7s²
2/8/18/32/18/10/2

1.3

Beschreibung

Thorium is a chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90. A radioactive actinide metal, thorium is one of only two significantly radioactive elements that still occur naturally in large quantities as a primordial element (the other being uranium). It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian Reverend and amateur mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.

Source

Bild

Thorium Metal in Ampoule, corroded W. Oelen, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	232.03774 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2023 K (1749.85 °C)
Boiling Point	5061 K (4787.85 °C)
Density	11.724 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 6d² 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/18/10/2
appearance	silvery, often with black tarnish
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	112.72
Electronegativity	1.3

Pa 91

Protactinium

231.036

[Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s²
2/8/18/32/20/9/2

1.5

Beschreibung

Protactinium is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical compounds where protactinium is usually present in the oxidation state +5, but can also assume +4 and even +2 or +3 states.

Source

Bild

This sample of Protactinium-233 (dark circular area in the photo) was photographed in the light from its own radioactive emission (the lighter area) at the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho. ENERGY.GOV, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	231.035882 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1841 K (1567.85 °C)
Boiling Point	4300 K (4026.85 °C)
Density	15.37 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/20/9/2
appearance	bright, silvery metallic luster
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	53.03
Electronegativity	1.5

U 92

Uranium

238.029

[Rn] 5f³ 6d¹ 7s²
2/8/18/32/21/9/2

1.38

Beschreibung

Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons.

Source

Bild

A biscuit of uranium metal after reduction via the Ames Process. c.1943. Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	238.028913 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1405.3 K (1132.15 °C)
Boiling Point	4404 K (4130.85 °C)
Density	19.1 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 5f³ 6d¹ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/21/9/2
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	50.94
Electronegativity	1.38

Np 93

Neptunium

237

[Rn] 5f⁴ 6d¹ 7s²
2/8/18/32/22/9/2

1.36

Beschreibung

Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive actinide metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element. Its position in the periodic table just after uranium, named after the planet Uranus, led to it being named after Neptune, the next planet beyond Uranus.

Source

Bild

Neptunium 237 sphere (6 kg) Los Alamos National Laboratory,, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	237 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	912 K (638.85 °C)
Boiling Point	4447 K (4173.85 °C)
Density	20.45 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 5f⁴ 6d¹ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/22/9/2
appearance	silvery metallic
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	45.85
Electronegativity	1.36

Pu 94

Plutonium

244

[Rn] 5f⁶ 7s²
2/8/18/32/24/8/2

1.28

Beschreibung

Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states.

Source

Bild

Plutonium Ring Los Alamos National Laboratory, Attribution, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	244 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	912.5 K (639.35 °C)
Boiling Point	3505 K (3231.85 °C)
Density	19.816 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 5f⁶ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/24/8/2
appearance	silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	-48.33
Electronegativity	1.28

Am 95

Americium

243

[Rn] 5f⁷ 7s²
2/8/18/32/25/8/2

1.13

Beschreibung

Americium is a radioactive transuranic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95. This member of the actinide series is located in the periodic table under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of Glenn T.Seaborg from Berkeley, California, at the metallurgical laboratory of University of Chicago.

Source

Bild

A small disc of Am-241 under the microscope. Bionerd, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	243 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1449 K (1175.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2880 K (2606.85 °C)
Density	12 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 5f⁷ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/25/8/2
appearance	silvery white
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	9.93
Electronegativity	1.13

Cm 96

Curium

247

[Rn] 5f⁷ 6d¹ 7s²
2/8/18/32/25/9/2

1.28

Beschreibung

Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie – both were known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in July 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley.

Source

Bild

A piece of curium, which emitts strong radiation that makes it glow European Union, The Actinide Group, Institute for Transuranium Elements (JRC-ITU), source: https://images-of-elements.com/curium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	247 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1613 K (1339.85 °C)
Boiling Point	3383 K (3109.85 °C)
Density	13.51 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 5f⁷ 6d¹ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/25/9/2
appearance	silvery metallic, glows purple in the dark
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	27.17
Electronegativity	1.28

Bk 97

Berkelium

247

[Rn] 5f⁹ 7s²
2/8/18/32/27/8/2

1.3

Beschreibung

Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in December 1949.

Source

Bild

It took 250 days to make enough berkelium, shown here (in dissolved state), to synthesize element 117 ORNL, Department of Energy, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	247 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1259 K (985.85 °C)
Boiling Point	2900 K (2626.85 °C)
Density	14.78 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 5f⁹ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/27/8/2
appearance	silvery
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	-165.24
Electronegativity	1.3

Cf 98

Californium

251

[Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²
2/8/18/32/28/8/2

1.3

Beschreibung

Californium is a radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first made in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium).

Source

Bild

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	251 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1173 K (899.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1743 K (1469.85 °C)
Density	15.1 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/28/8/2
appearance	silvery
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	-97.31
Electronegativity	1.3

Es 99

Einsteinium

252

[Rn] 5f¹¹ 7s²
2/8/18/32/29/8/2

1.3

Beschreibung

Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99. It is the seventh transuranic element, and an actinide. Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein.

Source

Bild

300 micrograms of Einsteinium 253, which has a half-life of 20 days. Haire, R. G., US Department of Energy.Touched up by Materialscientist at en.wikipedia., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	252 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1133 K (859.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1269 K (995.85 °C)
Density	8.84 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 5f¹¹ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/29/8/2
appearance	silver-colored
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	-28.6
Electronegativity	1.3

Fm 100

Fermium

257

[Rn] 5f¹² 7s²
2/8/18/32/30/8/2

1.3

Beschreibung

Fermium is a synthetic element with symbol Fm and atomic number 100. It is a member of the actinide series. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities, although pure fermium metal has not yet been prepared.

Source

Bild

Fermium was first observed in the fallout from the Ivy Mike nuclear test. U.S. Department of Energy, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	257 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1800 K (1526.85 °C)
Configuration	[Rn] 5f¹² 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/30/8/2
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	33.96
Electronegativity	1.3

Md 101

Mendelevium

258

[Rn] 5f¹³ 7s²
2/8/18/32/31/8/2

1.3

Beschreibung

Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities through neutron bombardment of lighter elements. It is the antepenultimate actinide and the ninth transuranic element.

Source

Bild

This is only an illustration, not mendelevium itself. Chemically similar to Thulium, the highly radioactive heavy metal emits very energetic α-radiation. Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/mendelevium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	258 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1100 K (826.85 °C)
Configuration	[Rn] 5f¹³ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/31/8/2
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	93.91
Electronegativity	1.3

No 102

Nobelium

259

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s²
2/8/18/32/32/8/2

1.3

Beschreibung

Nobelium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol No and atomic number 102. It is named in honor of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and benefactor of science. A radioactive metal, it is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the actinide series.

Source

Bild

This is only an illustration, not nobelium itself. Nobelium can only be made in very small amounts and emits strong radiation of various kinds. Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/nobelium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	259 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1100 K (826.85 °C)
Configuration	[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/8/2
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	-223.22
Electronegativity	1.3

Lr 103

Lawrencium

266

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹
2/8/18/32/32/8/3

1.3

Beschreibung

Lawrencium is a synthetic chemical element with chemical symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and atomic number 103. It is named in honor of Ernest Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron, a device that was used to discover many artificial radioactive elements. A radioactive metal, lawrencium is the eleventh transuranic element and is also the final member of the actinide series.

Source

Bild

This is only an illustration, not lawrencium itself. Lawrencium can only be made in very small amounts and emits strong radiation Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lawrencium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	3
Atomic mass	266 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	1900 K (1626.85 °C)
Configuration	[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/8/3
category	actinide
Electroaffinity	-30.04
Electronegativity	1.3

Rf 104

Rutherfordium

267

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s²
2/8/18/32/32/10/2

–

Beschreibung

Rutherfordium is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named in honor of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, has a half-life of approximately 1.3 hours. In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d - block element and the second of the fourth - row transition elements.

Source

Bild

Decay traces in a spark chamber, not of rutherfordium, but of a pion. This is a completely different, unrelated particle, but the decay of rutherfordium would make streaks there, too. Image © CERN, Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/rutherfordium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	4
Atomic mass	267 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	2400 K (2126.85 °C)
Boiling Point	5800 K (5526.85 °C)
Density	23.2 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/10/2
category	transition metal

Db 105

Dubnium

268

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s²
2/8/18/32/32/11/2

–

Beschreibung

Dubnium is a chemical element with symbol Db and atomic number 105. It is named after the town of Dubna in Russia (north of Moscow), where it was first produced. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, dubnium-268, has a half-life of approximately 28 hours.

Source

Bild

No Image Found Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/dubnium.php

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	5
Atomic mass	268 ^g⁄_mol
Density	29.3 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/11/2
category	transition metal

Sg 106

Seaborgium

269

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ 7s²
2/8/18/32/32/12/2

–

Beschreibung

Seaborgium is a synthetic element with symbol Sg and atomic number 106. Its most stable isotope 271Sg has a half-life of 1.9 minutes. A more recently discovered isotope 269Sg has a potentially slightly longer half-life (ca.

Source

Bild

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	6
Atomic mass	269 ^g⁄_mol
Density	35 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/12/2
category	transition metal

Bh 107

Bohrium

270

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s²
2/8/18/32/32/13/2

–

Beschreibung

Bohrium is a chemical element with symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 270Bh, has a half-life of approximately 61 seconds.

Source

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Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	7
Atomic mass	270 ^g⁄_mol
Density	37.1 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/13/2
category	transition metal

Hs 108

Hassium

269

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁶ 7s²
2/8/18/32/32/14/2

–

Beschreibung

Hassium is a chemical element with symbol Hs and atomic number 108, named after the German state of Hesse. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 269Hs, has a half-life of approximately 9.7 seconds, although an unconfirmed metastable state, 277mHs, may have a longer half-life of about 130 seconds. More than 100 atoms of hassium have been synthesized to date.

Source

Bild

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	8
Atomic mass	269 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	126 K (-147.15 °C)
Density	40.7 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁶ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/14/2
category	transition metal

Mt 109

Meitnerium

278

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁷ 7s²
2/8/18/32/32/15/2

–

Beschreibung

Meitnerium is a chemical element with symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature that can be created in a laboratory). The most stable known isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of 7.6 seconds.

Source

Bild

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	9
Atomic mass	278 ^g⁄_mol
Density	37.4 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁷ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/15/2
category	unknown, probably transition metal

Ds 110

Darmstadtium

281

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s¹
2/8/18/32/32/16/2

–

Beschreibung

Darmstadtium is a chemical element with symbol Ds and atomic number 110. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The most stable known isotope, darmstadtium-281, has a half-life of approximately 10 seconds.

Source

Bild

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	10
Atomic mass	281 ^g⁄_mol
Density	34.8 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s¹
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/16/2
category	unknown, probably transition metal

Rg 111

Roentgenium

282

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s¹
2/8/18/32/32/17/2

–

Beschreibung

Roentgenium is a chemical element with symbol Rg and atomic number 111. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature); the most stable known isotope, roentgenium-282, has a half-life of 2.1 minutes. Roentgenium was first created in 1994 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany.

Source

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Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	11
Atomic mass	282 ^g⁄_mol
Density	28.7 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s¹
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/17/2
category	unknown, probably transition metal
Electroaffinity	151

Cn 112

Copernicium

285

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s²
2/8/18/32/32/18/2

–

Beschreibung

Copernicium is a chemical element with symbol Cn and atomic number 112. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element that can only be created in a laboratory. The most stable known isotope, copernicium-285, has a half-life of approximately 29 seconds, but it is possible that this copernicium isotope may have a nuclear isomer with a longer half-life, 8.9 min.

Source

Bild

Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	12
Atomic mass	285 ^g⁄_mol
Boiling Point	3570 K (3296.85 °C)
Density	14 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s²
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/18/2
category	transition metal

Nh 113

Nihonium

286

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p¹
2/8/18/32/32/18/3

–

Beschreibung

Nihonium is a chemical element with atomic number 113. It has a symbol Nh. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and is extremely radioactive; its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286, has a half-life of 20 seconds.

Source

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Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	13
Atomic mass	286 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	700 K (426.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1430 K (1156.85 °C)
Density	16 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p¹
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/18/3
category	unknown, probably transition metal
Electroaffinity	66.6

Fl 114

Flerovium

289

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p²
2/8/18/32/32/18/4

–

Beschreibung

Flerovium is a superheavy artificial chemical element with symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The element is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in 1998.

Source

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Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	14
Atomic mass	289 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	340 K (66.85 °C)
Boiling Point	420 K (146.85 °C)
Density	14 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p²
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/18/4
category	post-transition metal

Mc 115

Moscovium

289

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p³
2/8/18/32/32/18/5

–

Beschreibung

Moscovium is the name of a synthetic superheavy element in the periodic table that has the symbol Mc and has the atomic number 115. It is an extremely radioactive element; its most stable known isotope, moscovium-289, has a half-life of only 220 milliseconds. It is also known as eka-bismuth or simply element 115.

Source

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Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	15
Atomic mass	289 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	670 K (396.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1400 K (1126.85 °C)
Density	13.5 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p³
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/18/5
category	unknown, probably post-transition metal
Electroaffinity	35.3

Lv 116

Livermorium

293

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴
2/8/18/32/32/18/6

–

Beschreibung

Livermorium is a synthetic superheavy element with symbol Lv and atomic number 116. It is an extremely radioactive element that has only been created in the laboratory and has not been observed in nature. The element is named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States, which collaborated with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia to discover livermorium in 2000.

Source

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Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	16
Atomic mass	293 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	709 K (435.85 °C)
Boiling Point	1085 K (811.85 °C)
Density	12.9 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/18/6
category	unknown, probably post-transition metal
Electroaffinity	74.9

Ts 117

Tennessine

294

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁵
2/8/18/32/32/18/7

–

Beschreibung

Tennessine is a superheavy artificial chemical element with an atomic number of 117 and a symbol of Ts. Also known as eka-astatine or element 117, it is the second-heaviest known element and penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table. As of 2016, fifteen tennessine atoms have been observed:six when it was first synthesized in 2010, seven in 2012, and two in 2014.

Source

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Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	17
Atomic mass	294 ^g⁄_mol
Melting Point	723 K (449.85 °C)
Boiling Point	883 K (609.85 °C)
Density	7.17 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁵
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/18/7
category	unknown, probably metalloid
Electroaffinity	165.9

Og 118

Oganesson

294

*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶
2/8/18/32/32/18/8

–

Beschreibung

Oganesson is IUPAC's name for the transactinide element with the atomic number 118 and element symbol Og. It is also known as eka-radon or element 118, and on the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element and the last one of the 7th period. Oganesson is currently the only synthetic member of group 18.

Source

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Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	7
Group	18
Atomic mass	294 ^g⁄_mol
Boiling Point	350 K (76.85 °C)
Density	4.95 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/18/8
category	unknown, predicted to be noble gas
Electroaffinity	5.40318

Uue 119

Ununennium

315

*[Uuo] 8s¹
2/8/18/32/32/18/8/1

–

Beschreibung

Ununennium, also known as eka-francium or simply element 119, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Uue and atomic number 119. Ununennium and Uue are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol respectively, until a permanent name is decided upon. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to be an s-block element, an alkali metal, and the first element in the eighth period.

Source

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Eigenschaften/Parameter

Period	8
Group	1
Atomic mass	315 ^g⁄_mol
Boiling Point	630 K (356.85 °C)
Density	3 ^g⁄_cm³ = ^kg⁄_dm³
Configuration	*[Uuo] 8s¹
Shells	2/8/18/32/32/18/8/1
category	unknown, but predicted to be an alkali metal
Electroaffinity	63.87

Cl 2 17 1

Chlor 3

Erklärung

Hintergründe: Metall Halbmetall Nichtmetall Edelgas

H 1

Hydrogen

He 2

Helium

Li 3

Lithium

Be 4

Beryllium

B 5

Boron

C 6

Carbon

N 7

Nitrogen

O 8

Oxygen

F 9

Fluorine

Ne 10

Neon

Na 11

Sodium

Mg 12

Magnesium

Al 13

Aluminium

Si 14

Silicon

P 15

Phosphorus

S 16

Sulfur

Cl 17

Chlorine

Ar 18

Argon

K 19

Potassium

Ca 20

Calcium

Sc 21

Scandium

Ti 22

Titanium

V 23

Vanadium

Cr 24

Chromium

Mn 25

Manganese

Fe 26

Iron

Co 27

Cobalt

Ni 28

Nickel

Cu 29

Copper

Zn 30

Zinc

Ga 31

Gallium

Ge 32

Germanium

As 33

Arsenic

Se 34

Selenium

Br 35

Bromine

Kr 36

Krypton

Rb 37

Rubidium

Sr 38

Strontium

Cl² 17¹

Chlor³